Differences between Dwarf and Midget

Dwarf vs. Midget

The terms "dwarf" and "midget" are often used interchangeably to describe a person of short stature, but they have significantly different origins, meanings, and connotations. In modern usage, "dwarf" is an accepted medical term, while "midget" is widely considered a derogatory slur.

Venn diagram comparing Differences between Dwarf and Midget

Dwarfism is a medical or genetic condition that results in an adult height of 4'10" or shorter. There are over 400 distinct forms of dwarfism, which are generally classified as either "disproportionate" or "proportionate". The most common type is achondroplasia, a form of disproportionate dwarfism characterized by an average-sized torso and shorter limbs. Proportionate dwarfism, where the body parts are in proportion but shortened, is often caused by hormonal deficiencies.

The word "midget" is not a medical term and originated in the 19th century during the era of freak shows. It was used to describe people of short stature, often with proportionate bodies, who were exhibited for public amusement. The term is derived from "midge," a type of small fly, which adds to its dehumanizing nature. Due to its history of exploitation and objectification, organizations like Little People of America (LPA) and the broader dwarfism community consider "midget" an offensive slur.

In contrast, "dwarf" has ancient origins in mythology and was later adopted by the medical community to describe the condition of dwarfism. While some individuals may have personal preferences, "dwarf," "little person," or "person of short stature" are generally considered acceptable terms.

1. 1. 1. 1. Comparison Table

| Category | Dwarf | Midget | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Medical Standing** | An accepted medical term for hundreds of conditions causing short stature. | Not a medical term; has no diagnostic or clinical use. | | **Origin** | Originates from Old Norse mythology and later adopted in medical contexts. | Coined in the 19th century for use in circuses and "freak shows." | | **Connotation** | Generally considered a neutral, factual term, though individual preferences vary. | Widely considered an offensive and derogatory slur. | | **Usage** | Refers to individuals with either proportionate or disproportionate short stature. | Historically used to describe people with proportionate short stature for entertainment. | | **Community View** | Accepted by advocacy groups like Little People of America. | Rejected and condemned by Little People of America and other advocacy groups. |

1. 1. 1. 1. Medical Context of Dwarfism

Dwarfism encompasses a wide range of medical conditions that affect bone growth. Achondroplasia is the most common form, occurring in about 70% of cases. Other causes include growth hormone deficiency, Turner syndrome, and various forms of skeletal dysplasia. The medical classification of dwarfism is important for diagnosis, treatment, and understanding potential health complications associated with specific conditions. Treatments can range from hormone therapy for certain types of proportionate dwarfism to surgical interventions for complications arising from disproportionate dwarfism.

1. 1. 1. 1. Cultural History and Terminology

The popularization of the term "midget" is closely linked to P.T. Barnum, who featured performers of short stature in his circus. This historical association with public spectacle is a primary reason the term is now considered offensive. The Little People of America was even briefly called "Midgets of America" for two days after its founding in 1957 before the name was changed. The organization has since campaigned to abolish the use of the word "midget." The preferred terminology today emphasizes the person first, such as "a person with dwarfism."