Differences between Dwarf and Midget
Dwarf vs. Midget
The terms "dwarf" and "midget" are often used interchangeably, but they have different origins and connotations. "Dwarfism" is a medical term for over 300 conditions that result in short stature.[1][2] The word "midget" is now widely considered a derogatory slur.[3][4][5]
The term "dwarf" has ancient roots, originally referring to a being from Germanic mythology. In medical and social contexts, "dwarfism" describes a condition of short stature, generally defined as an adult height of 4 feet 10 inches or shorter.[1][2] There are two main categories of dwarfism: disproportionate, where the limbs are not in proportion to the torso, and proportionate, where the body is uniformly small. The most common type is achondroplasia, a form of disproportionate dwarfism. While some individuals with dwarfism may prefer other terms, "dwarf" is an acceptable medical term and is used by many people with the condition.
The word "midget," derived from "midge" (a tiny insect), entered usage in the 19th century. Its popularization is linked to P.T. Barnum, who used it to promote circus performers like Charles Stratton ("General Tom Thumb"). This association with "freak shows," where individuals were displayed for public amusement, is a primary reason the term is now considered offensive. Unlike "dwarf," "midget" is not a medical diagnosis. Historically, it was used to describe people with proportionate dwarfism. However, advocacy groups like Little People of America (LPA) have officially rejected the term due to its offensive history and origins.[4]
Comparison Table
| Category | Dwarf | Midget |
|---|---|---|
| Origin | From Old English dweorg, a mythological being. | Coined in the 19th century from "midge," meaning a tiny insect. |
| Medical Meaning | A medical term for over 300 genetic or medical conditions causing short stature. | Not a medical term; historically used to describe proportionate short stature. |
| Proportionality | Can be either disproportionate (e.g., achondroplasia) or proportionate. | Historically referred to individuals with proportionate body parts. |
| Connotation | Generally accepted as a neutral, medical term by many, though preferences vary.[4][5] | Widely considered an offensive and derogatory slur.[3] |
| Historical Context | Long-standing term with roots in mythology and medicine. | Popularized by P.T. Barnum's circus "freak shows" in the mid-19th century. |
| Modern Usage | Used in medical diagnoses and by advocacy groups like Little People of America (LPA). | Rejected by the LPA and considered a pejorative term. |
Terminology and Preference
Organizations that advocate for individuals with short stature, such as Little People of America, state that terms like "little person," "person of short stature," or "dwarf" are acceptable.[2] The choice often comes down to individual preference. Some prefer "person with dwarfism" to put the person first, while others identify with the term "dwarf."[5] There is, however, broad consensus within the community that "midget" is a dehumanizing and offensive term that should not be used.[3][4] This is due to its origin, which compares people to insects, and its historical use in the context of public spectacle and ridicule.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "medlineplus.gov". Retrieved October 10, 2025.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "washington.edu". Retrieved October 10, 2025.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "health.com". Retrieved October 10, 2025.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 "understandingdwarfism.com". Retrieved October 10, 2025.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 "dictionary.com". Retrieved October 10, 2025.
