Differences between Cluster Headache and Tension Headache
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Cluster Headache vs. Tension Headache
Cluster headaches and tension headaches are both primary headache disorders, meaning they are not caused by another medical condition.[1] However, they differ significantly in their presentation, including pain characteristics, duration, and associated symptoms.[1][2] Cluster headaches are a rare type of headache known for causing excruciating, one-sided pain, often around the eye.[3][4] In contrast, tension headaches are the most common type of headache, characterized by a mild to moderate, dull aching pain that typically affects both sides of the head.[5]
Comparison Table
| Category | Cluster Headache | Tension Headache |
|---|---|---|
| Pain Location | One side of the head, typically around or behind one eye. | Both sides of the head, often described as a tight band. |
| Pain Quality | Severe, sharp, stabbing, or burning sensation. | Mild to moderate, dull, aching, or pressing sensation. |
| Pain Intensity | Excruciating, among the most painful conditions known. | Mild to moderate, generally not disabling.[5] |
| Duration of Attack | 15 minutes to 3 hours. | 30 minutes to several days. |
| Frequency | Occur in cyclical periods (clusters) that can last weeks or months, with one to several headaches per day. | Can be episodic or chronic, with frequency varying greatly. |
| Associated Symptoms | Red or watery eye, drooping eyelid, runny or stuffy nose on the affected side, restlessness.[4] | Scalp, neck, and shoulder muscle tenderness; some sensitivity to light or sound may occur. |
| Triggers | Alcohol, smoking, strong smells, and changes in sleep patterns can trigger attacks during a cluster period. | Stress is the most common trigger; others include fatigue, poor posture, and eye strain. |
| Acute Treatment | High-flow oxygen therapy, triptan medications.[1] | Over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen. |
Characteristics of Cluster Headaches
Cluster headaches are characterized by their cyclical nature. The attacks often occur at the same time each day, frequently waking individuals from sleep. During a cluster period, individuals may experience one to eight headaches per day. These periods of frequent attacks are followed by remission periods that can last for months or even years. Autonomic symptoms affecting the same side as the head pain are a hallmark of cluster headaches. These can include a red and tearing eye, a runny or congested nostril, and a drooping eyelid.[3] Due to the severity of the pain, individuals experiencing a cluster headache often become restless and may pace or rock back and forth.[4] The exact cause of cluster headaches is unknown, but it is thought to involve the hypothalamus, a region of the brain that governs the body's biological clock.[4]
Characteristics of Tension Headaches
Tension headaches are the most prevalent type of headache. The pain is typically described as a constant, dull ache on both sides of the head, often feeling like a tight band or vice.[5] Unlike cluster headaches, tension headaches are not usually accompanied by other significant symptoms like nausea or vomiting, although some people may experience mild sensitivity to light or sound.[5] The pain can also be felt in the neck and shoulders. While the exact cause is not fully understood, stress is a major contributing factor. Other triggers can include fatigue, poor posture, and eye strain. Tension headaches are broadly categorized as episodic, occurring less than 15 days a month, or chronic, occurring more frequently. Treatment for tension headaches often involves over-the-counter pain medication and lifestyle modifications to manage triggers, such as stress-reduction techniques and regular exercise.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "goldcoastmigraine.com.au". Retrieved February 04, 2026.
- ↑ "oreateai.com". Retrieved February 04, 2026.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "healthdirect.gov.au". Retrieved February 04, 2026.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 "mayoclinic.org". Retrieved February 04, 2026.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 "mayoclinic.org". Retrieved February 04, 2026.
