Differences between Dwarf and Midget
Dwarf vs. Midget
The terms "dwarf" and "midget" both refer to individuals of short stature, but they differ significantly in their medical and social connotations. While "dwarf" is a medical term for a person with one of over 300 genetic conditions that result in short stature, "midget" is an outdated and offensive term with historical ties to circus sideshows.[1] Advocacy groups for people with dwarfism, such as the Little People of America (LPA), have worked to abolish the use of the word "midget."[2]
Dwarfism is medically defined as a condition resulting in an adult height of 4 feet 10 inches or shorter.[3][4][5] It is broadly categorized into two types: disproportionate and proportionate short stature. Disproportionate dwarfism, the more common type, is characterized by having limbs that are not in proportion to the rest of the body. Achondroplasia is the most common form of disproportionate dwarfism. In contrast, proportionate dwarfism describes a condition where the limbs and torso are in proportion but are smaller overall.
The term "midget" originated in the 19th century and was used to describe people of short stature who were exhibited for public entertainment in "freak shows." Its etymology is rooted in the word "midge," a small insect, which contributes to its dehumanizing connotation. The LPA and other similar organizations consider "midget" a derogatory slur.
Acceptable terminology includes "dwarf," "little person" (or "LP"), or "person of short stature." Personal preference varies, and it is always best to ask an individual what term they prefer. The most respectful approach is to refer to a person by their name rather than a label related to their stature.
Comparison Table
| Category | Dwarf | Midget |
|---|---|---|
| Definition | A medical or genetic condition resulting in an adult height of 4'10" or shorter.[3][4][5] | An outdated and offensive term for a person of short stature. |
| Connotation | A neutral medical term, though individual preferences vary. | Widely considered a derogatory slur due to its history.[2] |
| Usage | Used in medical contexts and by many individuals with the condition. | Usage is strongly discouraged by advocacy groups like the Little People of America.[2] |
| Historical Context | The term has roots in Germanic mythology, but its modern usage is primarily medical. | Became prominent in the 19th century through its use in circus "freak shows." |
| Physical Proportions | Can be either disproportionate (e.g., achondroplasia) or proportionate. | Historically used to refer to individuals with proportionate short stature.[1] |
| Acceptable Alternatives | "Little person," "LP," "person of short stature," or by their name.[3] | There are no acceptable uses of this term to refer to a person. |
Terminology and Advocacy
Organizations such as Little People of America, founded in 1957, have played a crucial role in advocating for respectful terminology. The LPA explicitly states that "midget" is an offensive term and promotes the use of "dwarf," "little person," or "person of short stature."[1] Initially named "Midgets of America" for its first few days, the organization quickly changed its name to reflect more respectful language. This advocacy has led to a significant shift in public and media usage of these terms.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "lpaonline.org". Retrieved October 10, 2025.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "lpaonline.org". Retrieved October 10, 2025.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "lpi.ie". Retrieved October 10, 2025.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "washington.edu". Retrieved October 10, 2025.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "medlineplus.gov". Retrieved October 10, 2025.
